Journal: Light, Science & Applications

Article Title: Wide field of view large aperture meta-doublet eyepiece

doi: 10.1038/s41377-024-01674-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: All units are in mm unless otherwise specified. a Ray tracing diagram for the 1 cm aperture meta-optic doublet eyepiece with 80 ∘ field of view. Rays are colored by field angle, with normally incident rays in red and rays at 40 ∘ incidence in green. b Ray tracing diagram for the 2 cm aperture meta-optic doublet eyepiece with 60 ∘ field of view. c Meta-atom design. The meta-optic consists of a periodic array (fixed periodicity Λ = 350 nm) of square pillars of uniform height h = 750 nm and variable width w . Meta-atom phase responses are calculated using rigorous coupled wave analysis for various angles of incidence. The calculated phase values of the selected pillar widths at normal incidence are plotted as red markers. d Ray tracing diagram for a comparable commercial refractive eyepiece. Angles of incidence up to 60 ∘ full field of view are shown. The scale bar in a , b , and d is 5 mm

Article Snippet: For comparison, we include a ray tracing diagram of a similar commercially available refractive lens eyepiece (Edmund Optics 66-210, 21 mm EFL RKE Precision Eyepiece) in Fig. d. The refractive system has similar entrance aperture (20 mm) as our 2 cm meta-optic system and slightly longer effective focal length (21 mm for the refractive system versus 15 mm for the meta-optic system).

Techniques:

Journal: Light, Science & Applications

Article Title: Wide field of view large aperture meta-doublet eyepiece

doi: 10.1038/s41377-024-01674-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Eyepiece Design Specifications

Article Snippet: For comparison, we include a ray tracing diagram of a similar commercially available refractive lens eyepiece (Edmund Optics 66-210, 21 mm EFL RKE Precision Eyepiece) in Fig. d. The refractive system has similar entrance aperture (20 mm) as our 2 cm meta-optic system and slightly longer effective focal length (21 mm for the refractive system versus 15 mm for the meta-optic system).

Techniques:

Journal: Light, Science & Applications

Article Title: Wide field of view large aperture meta-doublet eyepiece

doi: 10.1038/s41377-024-01674-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Measured PSFs of a the 1 cm aperture optics from 0 ∘ to 40 ∘ degree angle of incidence, and b the 2 cm aperture optics from 0 ∘ to 30 ∘ degree angle of incidence. c , d Line cuts from the PSFs in a and b comparing the experimental results (solid red lines) to the theoretical results from the ray tracing model (dashed black lines). The camera exposure time was kept constant in each case. The simulated and experimental PSF results were normalized with respect to the maximum intensity value in the set. The experimentally measured (solid lines) and simulated (dashed lines) MTF for e 1 cm meta-optics and f 2 cm meta-optics at increasing angles of incidence. In f , the MTF of the comparable commercial refractive eyepiece is plotted as dotted lines

Article Snippet: For comparison, we include a ray tracing diagram of a similar commercially available refractive lens eyepiece (Edmund Optics 66-210, 21 mm EFL RKE Precision Eyepiece) in Fig. d. The refractive system has similar entrance aperture (20 mm) as our 2 cm meta-optic system and slightly longer effective focal length (21 mm for the refractive system versus 15 mm for the meta-optic system).

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Measurement Error Analysis of Seawater Refractive Index: A Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

doi: 10.3390/s24144564

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram of a position-sensitive detector-based seawater refractive index measurement system.

Article Snippet: The seawater refractive index optical measurement system is based on a PSD (TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Hannover, German), and its optimised optical path structure is shown in .

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Measurement Error Analysis of Seawater Refractive Index: A Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

doi: 10.3390/s24144564

Figure Lengend Snippet: The relationship between the refractive index measurement system’s error and the angle between the two glass windows in the measurement area.

Article Snippet: The seawater refractive index optical measurement system is based on a PSD (TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Hannover, German), and its optimised optical path structure is shown in .

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Measurement Error Analysis of Seawater Refractive Index: A Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

doi: 10.3390/s24144564

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optical path diagram of a seawater refractive index measurement system after optimisation.

Article Snippet: The seawater refractive index optical measurement system is based on a PSD (TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Hannover, German), and its optimised optical path structure is shown in .

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Measurement Error Analysis of Seawater Refractive Index: A Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

doi: 10.3390/s24144564

Figure Lengend Snippet: Optimised seawater refractive index measurement system.

Article Snippet: The seawater refractive index optical measurement system is based on a PSD (TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Hannover, German), and its optimised optical path structure is shown in .

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Measurement Error Analysis of Seawater Refractive Index: A Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

doi: 10.3390/s24144564

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental stability setup for the seawater refractive index measurement system.

Article Snippet: The seawater refractive index optical measurement system is based on a PSD (TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Hannover, German), and its optimised optical path structure is shown in .

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Measurement Error Analysis of Seawater Refractive Index: A Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

doi: 10.3390/s24144564

Figure Lengend Snippet: The parameters of the standard salinity seawater employed in the context of the stability experiments.

Article Snippet: The seawater refractive index optical measurement system is based on a PSD (TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Hannover, German), and its optimised optical path structure is shown in .

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Measurement Error Analysis of Seawater Refractive Index: A Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

doi: 10.3390/s24144564

Figure Lengend Snippet: Position signals measured by the seawater refractive index measuring system ( a ) before and ( b ) after controlling the PSD’s working temperature by structural partitioning and ( c ) with an optimised angular structure between the two measurement windows.

Article Snippet: The seawater refractive index optical measurement system is based on a PSD (TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Hannover, German), and its optimised optical path structure is shown in .

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Measurement Error Analysis of Seawater Refractive Index: A Measurement Sensor Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector

doi: 10.3390/s24144564

Figure Lengend Snippet: A comparison of the seawater refractive index measurement errors before and after the system optimisation.

Article Snippet: The seawater refractive index optical measurement system is based on a PSD (TEM Messtechnik GmbH, Hannover, German), and its optimised optical path structure is shown in .

Techniques: Comparison, Refractive Index